Dr. Turo Virtanen has worked as a professor of political science, administration and organization studies at University of Helsinki for about twenty years until 2010. His research interests have spanned management and leadership of universities, knowledge management, human resource management, theory of policy implementation, international civil service, theory of social action and power, organizational and leadership culture, and public management. Turo has undertaken numerous external services as a member or chair of many panels assessing the quality of academic research, accrediting study programs, reviewing higher education institutions and auditing their quality assurance systems in Finland and many European countries.